Aiwatar da SOLID ƙa'idodi a cikin Java: Misalai da Mafi kyawun Ayyuka

Single Responsibility Principle(SRP)

Wannan ka'ida ta bayyana cewa kowane aji yakamata ya kasance yana da alhakin guda ɗaya. Yana jaddada cewa aji ya kamata ya yi takamaiman aiki ɗaya kuma ba shi da dalilai da yawa don canzawa.

Misali: Sarrafa bayanan mai amfani da aika sanarwar imel.

class UserManager {  
  void createUser(UserData userData) {  
    // Logic for creating a user  
  }  
}  
  
class EmailService {  
  void sendEmail(EmailData emailData) {  
    // Logic for sending an email  
  }  
}  

Open/Closed Principle(OCP)

Wannan ƙa'ida tana ƙarfafa faɗaɗa ayyuka ta ƙara sabon lamba maimakon canza lambar da ke akwai.

Misali: Karɓar hanyoyin biyan kuɗi daban-daban a cikin aikace-aikacen kasuwancin e-commerce.

abstract class PaymentProcessor {  
  abstract void processPayment();  
}  
  
class CreditCardPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {  
  void processPayment() {  
    // Logic for processing credit card payment  
  }  
}  
  
class PayPalPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {  
  void processPayment() {  
    // Logic for processing PayPal payment  
  }  
}  

Liskov Substitution Principle(LSP)

Wannan ƙa'ida ta tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da aka samo asali yakamata su kasance a musanya su da abubuwan ajin tushe ba tare da yin tasiri ga daidaiton shirin ba.

Misali: Sarrafar da siffofi na geometric.

abstract class Shape {  
  abstract double area();  
}  
  
class Rectangle extends Shape {  
  double area() {  
    // Logic for calculating area of rectangle  
  }  
}  
  
class Square extends Shape {  
  double area() {  
    // Logic for calculating area of square  
  }  
}  

Ƙa'idar Rarraba Interface(ISP)

Wannan ƙa'idar tana ba da shawarar ɓata musaya zuwa ƙanana don guje wa tilasta azuzuwan aiwatar da hanyoyin da ba sa buƙata.

Misali: Interfaces don ɗaukakawa da nuna bayanai.

interface UpdateableFeature {  
  void updateFeature();  
}  
  
interface DisplayableFeature {  
  void displayFeature();  
}  

Dependency Inversion Principle(DIP)

Wannan ƙa'idar tana ba da shawarar yin amfani da allurar dogaro don sarrafa abin dogaro.

Misali: Amfani da allurar dogaro don sarrafa abin dogaro.

class OrderProcessor {  
  private final DBConnection dbConnection;  
  private final EmailService emailService;  
  
  OrderProcessor(DBConnection dbConnection, EmailService emailService) {  
    this.dbConnection = dbConnection;  
    this.emailService = emailService;  
  }  
}  

Ka tuna cewa yin amfani da SOLID ƙa'idodi a cikin Java ya kamata a yi shi cikin sassauƙa bisa takamaiman manufar aikin ku da fahimtar ku SOLID da Java.