Kutumia SOLID Kanuni katika Java: Mifano na Mbinu Bora

Single Responsibility Principle(SRP)

Kanuni hii inasema kwamba kila darasa linapaswa kuwa na jukumu moja. Inasisitiza kwamba darasa linapaswa kufanya kazi moja maalum na lisiwe na sababu nyingi za kubadilika.

Mfano: Kusimamia maelezo ya mtumiaji na kutuma arifa za barua pepe.

class UserManager {  
  void createUser(UserData userData) {  
    // Logic for creating a user  
  }  
}  
  
class EmailService {  
  void sendEmail(EmailData emailData) {  
    // Logic for sending an email  
  }  
}  

Open/Closed Principle(OCP)

Kanuni hii inahimiza kupanua utendakazi kwa kuongeza msimbo mpya badala ya kurekebisha msimbo uliopo.

Mfano: Kushughulikia mbinu tofauti za malipo katika programu ya biashara ya mtandaoni.

abstract class PaymentProcessor {  
  abstract void processPayment();  
}  
  
class CreditCardPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {  
  void processPayment() {  
    // Logic for processing credit card payment  
  }  
}  
  
class PayPalPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {  
  void processPayment() {  
    // Logic for processing PayPal payment  
  }  
}  

Liskov Substitution Principle(LSP)

Kanuni hii inadai kuwa vipengee vya darasa linalotokana vinapaswa kubadilishwa kwa vitu vya darasa la msingi bila kuathiri usahihi wa programu.

Mfano: Kusimamia maumbo ya kijiometri.

abstract class Shape {  
  abstract double area();  
}  
  
class Rectangle extends Shape {  
  double area() {  
    // Logic for calculating area of rectangle  
  }  
}  
  
class Square extends Shape {  
  double area() {  
    // Logic for calculating area of square  
  }  
}  

Kanuni ya Kutenganisha Kiolesura(ISP)

Kanuni hii inashauri kuvunja miingiliano kuwa ndogo ili kuzuia kulazimisha madarasa kutekeleza njia ambazo hazihitaji.

Mfano: Violesura vya kusasisha na kuonyesha data.

interface UpdateableFeature {  
  void updateFeature();  
}  
  
interface DisplayableFeature {  
  void displayFeature();  
}  

Dependency Inversion Principle(DIP)

Kanuni hii inapendekeza kutumia sindano ya utegemezi kudhibiti utegemezi.

Mfano: Kutumia sindano ya utegemezi kudhibiti utegemezi.

class OrderProcessor {  
  private final DBConnection dbConnection;  
  private final EmailService emailService;  
  
  OrderProcessor(DBConnection dbConnection, EmailService emailService) {  
    this.dbConnection = dbConnection;  
    this.emailService = emailService;  
  }  
}  

Kumbuka kwamba kutumia SOLID kanuni ndani Java kunapaswa kufanywa kwa urahisi kulingana na madhumuni mahususi ya mradi wako na uelewa wako wa SOLID na Java.