Aiwatar da SOLID ƙa'idodi a cikin Ruby: Misalai da Mafi kyawun Ayyuka

Single Responsibility Principle(SRP)

Wannan ka'ida ta bayyana cewa kowane aji yakamata ya kasance yana da alhakin guda ɗaya. Yana jaddada cewa aji ya kamata ya yi takamaiman aiki ɗaya kuma ba shi da dalilai da yawa don canzawa.

Misali: Sarrafa bayanan mai amfani da aika sanarwar imel.

class UserManager  
  def create_user(user_data)  
    # Logic for creating a user  
  end  
end  
  
class EmailService  
  def send_email(email_data)  
    # Logic for sending an email  
  end  
end  

Open/Closed Principle(OCP)

Wannan ƙa'ida tana ƙarfafa faɗaɗa ayyuka ta ƙara sabon lamba maimakon canza lambar da ke akwai.

Misali: Karɓar hanyoyin biyan kuɗi daban-daban a cikin aikace-aikacen kasuwancin e-commerce.

class PaymentProcessor  
  def process_payment  
    # Common logic for payment processing  
  end  
end  
  
class CreditCardPaymentProcessor < PaymentProcessor  
  def process_payment  
    # Logic for processing credit card payment  
  end  
end  
  
class PayPalPaymentProcessor < PaymentProcessor  
  def process_payment  
    # Logic for processing PayPal payment  
  end  
end  

Liskov Substitution Principle(LSP)

Wannan ƙa'ida ta tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da aka samo asali yakamata su kasance a musanya su da abubuwan ajin tushe ba tare da yin tasiri ga daidaiton shirin ba.

Misali: Sarrafar da siffofi na geometric.

class Shape  
  def area  
    # Common logic for calculating area  
  end  
end  
  
class Rectangle < Shape  
  def area  
    # Logic for calculating area of rectangle  
  end  
end  
  
class Square < Shape  
  def area  
    # Logic for calculating area of square  
  end  
end  

Interface Segregation Principle(ISP)

Wannan ƙa'idar tana ba da shawarar ɓata musaya zuwa ƙanana don guje wa tilasta azuzuwan aiwatar da hanyoyin da ba sa buƙata.

Misali: Interfaces don ɗaukakawa da nuna bayanai.

module UpdateableFeature  
  def update_feature  
    # Logic for updating feature  
  end  
end  
  
module DisplayableFeature  
  def display_feature  
    # Logic for displaying feature  
  end  
end  

Dependency Inversion Principle(DIP)

Wannan ƙa'idar tana ba da shawarar yin amfani da allurar dogaro don sarrafa abin dogaro.

Misali: Amfani da allurar dogaro don sarrafa abin dogaro.

class OrderProcessor  
  def initialize(db_connection, email_service)  
    @db_connection = db_connection  
    @email_service = email_service  
  end  
end  

Ka tuna cewa yin amfani da SOLID ƙa'idodi a cikin Ruby ya kamata a yi shi cikin sassauƙa bisa takamaiman manufar aikin ku da fahimtar ku SOLID da Ruby.