Kutumia SOLID Kanuni katika Ruby: Mifano na Mbinu Bora

Single Responsibility Principle(SRP)

Kanuni hii inasema kwamba kila darasa linapaswa kuwa na jukumu moja. Inasisitiza kwamba darasa linapaswa kufanya kazi moja maalum na lisiwe na sababu nyingi za kubadilika.

Mfano: Kusimamia maelezo ya mtumiaji na kutuma arifa za barua pepe.

class UserManager  
  def create_user(user_data)  
    # Logic for creating a user  
  end  
end  
  
class EmailService  
  def send_email(email_data)  
    # Logic for sending an email  
  end  
end  

Open/Closed Principle(OCP)

Kanuni hii inahimiza kupanua utendakazi kwa kuongeza msimbo mpya badala ya kurekebisha msimbo uliopo.

Mfano: Kushughulikia mbinu tofauti za malipo katika programu ya biashara ya mtandaoni.

class PaymentProcessor  
  def process_payment  
    # Common logic for payment processing  
  end  
end  
  
class CreditCardPaymentProcessor < PaymentProcessor  
  def process_payment  
    # Logic for processing credit card payment  
  end  
end  
  
class PayPalPaymentProcessor < PaymentProcessor  
  def process_payment  
    # Logic for processing PayPal payment  
  end  
end  

Liskov Substitution Principle(LSP)

Kanuni hii inadai kuwa vipengee vya darasa linalotokana vinapaswa kubadilishwa kwa vitu vya darasa la msingi bila kuathiri usahihi wa programu.

Mfano: Kusimamia maumbo ya kijiometri.

class Shape  
  def area  
    # Common logic for calculating area  
  end  
end  
  
class Rectangle < Shape  
  def area  
    # Logic for calculating area of rectangle  
  end  
end  
  
class Square < Shape  
  def area  
    # Logic for calculating area of square  
  end  
end  

Interface Segregation Principle(ISP)

Kanuni hii inashauri kuvunja miingiliano kuwa ndogo ili kuzuia kulazimisha madarasa kutekeleza njia ambazo hazihitaji.

Mfano: Violesura vya kusasisha na kuonyesha data.

module UpdateableFeature  
  def update_feature  
    # Logic for updating feature  
  end  
end  
  
module DisplayableFeature  
  def display_feature  
    # Logic for displaying feature  
  end  
end  

Dependency Inversion Principle(DIP)

Kanuni hii inapendekeza kutumia sindano ya utegemezi kudhibiti utegemezi.

Mfano: Kutumia sindano ya utegemezi kudhibiti utegemezi.

class OrderProcessor  
  def initialize(db_connection, email_service)  
    @db_connection = db_connection  
    @email_service = email_service  
  end  
end  

Kumbuka kwamba kutumia SOLID kanuni ndani Ruby kunapaswa kufanywa kwa urahisi kulingana na madhumuni mahususi ya mradi wako na uelewa wako wa SOLID na Ruby.