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Amri Muhimu za Git: Mwongozo Kamili

Hapa kuna orodha ya kina ya maagizo muhimu ya Git, pamoja na mifano ya kielelezo:

git init

Anzisha hazina mpya ya Git kwenye saraka ya mradi wako.

Mfano:

$ git init  
Initialized empty Git repository in /path/to/your/project/.git/

git clone [url]

Funga hazina ya mbali kutoka kwa seva hadi kwa mashine yako ya karibu.

Mfano:

$ git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-repo.git  
Cloning into 'your-repo'...

git add [file]

Ongeza faili moja au zaidi kwenye eneo la jukwaa ili kutayarisha faili ya commit.

Mfano:

$ git add index.html  
$ git add *.css

git commit -m "message"

Unda mpya commit na mabadiliko ambayo yameongezwa kwenye eneo la jukwaa na ujumuishe commit ujumbe wako.

Mfano:

$ git commit -m "Fix a bug in login process"  
[main 83a9b47] Fix a bug in login process  
1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

git status

Tazama hali ya sasa ya hazina, ikiwa ni pamoja na faili zilizobadilishwa na eneo la kuweka.

Mfano:

$ git status  
On branch main  
Changes not staged for commit:  
 (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)  
 (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)  
        modified:   index.html  
  
no changes added to commit(use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

git log

Onyesha commit historia ya hazina.

Mfano:

$ git log
commit 83a9b4713f9b6252bfc0367c8b1ed3a8e9c75428(HEAD -> main)  
Author: Your Name <your.email@example.com>  
Date:   Mon Jul 13 12:34:56 2023 +0200  
  
    Fix a bug in login process  
  
commit 47f1c32798b7e862c4c69718abf6498255f1a3d2  
Author: Your Name <your.email@example.com>  
Date:   Sun Jul 12 18:42:15 2023 +0200  
  
    Add new homepage

git branch

Orodhesha matawi yote kwenye hazina na uweke alama tawi la sasa.

Mfano:

$ git branch  
* main  
  feature/add-new-feature  
  feature/fix-bug

git checkout [branch]

Badilisha hadi tawi lingine kwenye hazina.

Mfano:

$ git checkout feature/fix-bug  
Switched to branch 'feature/fix-bug'

git merge [branch]

Unganisha tawi lingine kwenye tawi la sasa.

Mfano:

$ git merge feature/add-new-feature  
Updating 83a9b47..65c6017  
Fast-forward  
 new-feature.html| 10 ++++++++++  
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)  
 create mode 100644 new-feature.html

git pull

Leta na uunganishe mabadiliko kutoka kwa hazina ya mbali hadi tawi la sasa.

Mfano:

$ git pull origin main  
From https://github.com/yourusername/your-repo  
* branch            main       -> FETCH_HEAD  
Already up to date.

git push

Sukuma mabadiliko kutoka kwa tawi la sasa hadi hazina ya mbali.

Mfano:

$ git push origin main

git remote add [name] [url]

Ongeza seva mpya ya mbali kwenye orodha yako ya hazina za mbali.

Mfano:

$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/upstream-repo/repo.git

git fetch

Pakua mabadiliko kutoka kwa hazina za mbali lakini usijumuishe kwenye tawi la sasa.

Mfano:

$ git fetch origin

git diff

Linganisha mabadiliko kati ya eneo la jukwaa na faili zilizofuatiliwa.

Mfano:

$ git diff

git reset [file]

Ondoa faili kutoka kwa eneo la hatua na uirudishe kwa hali ya awali.

Mfano:

$ git reset index.html

git stash

kuokoa kwa muda mabadiliko ambayo hayajatekelezwa kufanya kazi kwenye tawi tofauti bila kuyafanya.

Mfano:

$ git stash
Saved working directory and index state WIP on feature/branch: abcd123 Commit message

git remote -v

Orodhesha seva za mbali na anwani zao za url.

Mfano:

$ git remote -v  
origin  https://github.com/yourusername/your-repo.git(fetch)  
origin  https://github.com/yourusername/your-repo.git(push)  
upstream        https://github.com/upstream-repo/repo.git(fetch)  
upstream        https://github.com/upstream-repo/repo.git(push)