Kutumia SOLID Kanuni katika JavaScript: Mifano na Mbinu Bora

Single Responsibility Principle(SRP)

Kanuni hii inasema kwamba kila darasa linapaswa kuwa na jukumu moja. Inasisitiza kwamba darasa linapaswa kufanya kazi moja maalum na lisiwe na sababu nyingi za kubadilika.

Mfano: Kusimamia maelezo ya mtumiaji na kutuma arifa za barua pepe.

class UserManager {  
  createUser(userData) {  
    // Logic for creating a user  
  }  
}  
  
class EmailService {  
  sendEmail(emailData) {  
    // Logic for sending an email  
  }  
}  

Open/Closed Principle(OCP)

Kanuni hii inahimiza kupanua utendakazi kwa kuongeza msimbo mpya badala ya kurekebisha msimbo uliopo.

Mfano: Kushughulikia mbinu tofauti za malipo katika programu ya biashara ya mtandaoni.

class PaymentProcessor {  
  processPayment() {  
    // Common logic for payment processing  
  }  
}  
  
class CreditCardPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {  
  processPayment() {  
    // Logic for processing credit card payment  
  }  
}  
  
class PayPalPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {  
  processPayment() {  
    // Logic for processing PayPal payment  
  }  
}  

Liskov Substitution Principle(LSP)

Kanuni hii inadai kuwa vipengee vya darasa linalotokana vinapaswa kubadilishwa kwa vitu vya darasa la msingi bila kuathiri usahihi wa programu.

Mfano: Kusimamia maumbo ya kijiometri.

class Shape {  
  area() {  
    // Common logic for calculating area  
  }  
}  
  
class Rectangle extends Shape {  
  area() {  
    // Logic for calculating area of rectangle  
  }  
}  
  
class Square extends Shape {  
  area() {  
    // Logic for calculating area of square  
  }  
}  

Interface Segregation Principle(ISP)

Kanuni hii inashauri kuvunja miingiliano kuwa ndogo ili kuzuia kulazimisha madarasa kutekeleza njia ambazo hazihitaji.

Mfano: Violesura vya kusasisha na kuonyesha data.

class UpdateableFeature {  
  updateFeature() {  
    // Logic for updating feature  
  }  
}  
  
class DisplayableFeature {  
  displayFeature() {  
    // Logic for displaying feature  
  }  
}  

Dependency Inversion Principle(DIP)

Kanuni hii inapendekeza kutumia sindano ya utegemezi kudhibiti utegemezi.

Mfano: Kutumia sindano ya utegemezi kudhibiti utegemezi.

class OrderProcessor {  
  constructor(dbConnection, emailService) {  
    this.dbConnection = dbConnection;  
    this.emailService = emailService;  
  }  
}  

Kumbuka kwamba kutumia SOLID kanuni ndani JavaScript kunapaswa kufanywa kwa urahisi kulingana na madhumuni mahususi ya mradi wako na uelewa wako wa SOLID na JavaScript.