Fayiloli da Gudanarwa
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ls: Nuna jerin fayiloli da kundayen adireshi a cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu. Wannan umarnin yana ba ku damar duba abubuwan da ke cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu.Misali:
ls -
pwd: Buga cikakkiyar hanyar jagorar yanzu. Wannan umarnin yana taimaka muku sanin inda kuke a cikin tsarin fayil.Misali:
pwd -
cd <directory>: Canja zuwa ƙayyadadden kundin adireshi. Ta amfani da wannan umarni, zaku iya kewaya tsakanin kundayen adireshi a cikin tsarin fayil ɗin ku.Misali:
cd /home/user/documents -
touch <file>: Ƙirƙiri sabon fayil ko sabunta lokacin gyara fayil ɗin da ke akwai. Idan fayil ɗin ya riga ya wanzu, zai sabunta lokacin gyarawa.Misali:
touch newfile.txt -
cp <source> <destination>: Kwafi fayil ko kundin adireshi daga wurin tushe zuwa wurin da aka nufa. Kuna iya kwafin fayiloli ko kundayen adireshi da yawa ta hanyar tantance tushe da yawa.Misali:
cp file.txt /home/user/documents/(kwafi fayil)cp -r folder1 /home/user/documents/(kwafi directory)
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mv <source> <destination>: Matsar ko sake suna fayil ko directory daga wurin tushe zuwa wurin da aka nufa. Idan wurin sabon suna ne, zai sake suna; idan sabuwar hanya ce, za ta motsa.Misali:
mv file.txt /home/user/documents/file_new.txt(sake suna fayil)mv folder1 /home/user/documents/(matsar da directory)
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rm <file>: Share fayil. Lura cewa wannan umarni zai share fayil ɗin ba tare da wani tabbaci ba, don haka yi amfani da shi a hankali.Misali:
rm file.txt -
mkdir <directory>: Ƙirƙiri sabon kundin adireshi tare da ƙayyadadden suna.Misali:
mkdir new_folder -
rmdir <directory>: Share kundire mara komai. Lura cewa za ku iya share kundire mara komai kawai tare da wannan umarni.Misali:
rmdir empty_folder
Gudanar da izini
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chmod <permission> <file/directory>: Canja izinin shiga fayil ko kundin adireshi bisa ga takamaiman izini. Izinin gama gari sun haɗa da "r"(karanta), "w"(rubuta), da "x"(aiwatarwa).Misali:
chmod u+rwx file.txt(ƙara karantawa, rubuta, da aiwatar da izini ga mai amfani) -
chown <user>:<group> <file/directory>: Canja mai fayil ko kundin adireshi zuwa takamaiman mai amfani da rukuni.Misali:
chown user1:group1 file.txt(saitin mai shi da rukuni don file.txt)
Tsari da Gudanar da Sabis
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ps: Lissafin tafiyar matakai. Wannan umarnin yana nuna jerin matakai da kuma ID ɗin Tsari masu dacewa(PIDs).Misali:
ps -
top: Nuna tafiyar matakai da albarkatun tsarin. Wannan umarnin yana ba da hanyar haɗin gwiwa don duba ayyukan tafiyarwa da saka idanu albarkatun tsarin kamar CPU, RAM.Misali:
top -
kill <PID>: Kashe tsari tare da ƙayyadadden ID na Tsari(PID). Wannan umarnin yana aika sigina don dakatar da aikin, yana ba shi damar fita ko rufewa.Misali:
kill 1234(kashe aikin tare da PID 1234) -
systemctl start <service>: Fara takamaiman sabis. Sabis shine tsarin baya na tsarin, kuma wannan umarni yana farawa da shi.Misali:
systemctl start apache2(fara sabis na Apache) -
systemctl stop <service>: Dakatar da takamaiman sabis. Wannan umarnin yana dakatar da sabis ɗin da ke gudana.Misali:
systemctl stop apache2(dakatar da sabis na Apache) -
systemctl restart <service>: Sake kunna takamaiman sabis ɗin. Wannan umarnin yana tsayawa sannan yana farawa sabis.Misali:
systemctl restart apache2(sake kunna sabis na Apache) -
systemctl status <service>: Nuna matsayin takamaiman sabis ɗin. Wannan umarnin yana nuna ko sabis ɗin yana gudana ko a'a da matsayinsa.Misali:
systemctl status apache2(nuna matsayin sabis na Apache)
Gudanar da Kunshin
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apt-get install <package>: Shigar da kunshin software daga Ubuntu ma'ajiyar.Misali:
apt-get install nginx(shigar da Nginx) -
apt-get update: Sabunta bayanin duk fakitin software daga ma'ajiya. Wannan umarnin zai debo bayanai game da sabbin fakiti daga ma'ajiyar.Misali:
apt-get update -
apt-get upgrade: Haɓaka duk fakitin da aka shigar zuwa sabon sigar.Misali:
apt-get upgrade -
apt-get remove <package>: Cire kunshin da aka shigar daga tsarin.Misali:
apt-get remove nginx(cire Nginx)
Gudanar da hanyar sadarwa
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ifconfig: Nuna bayanai game da na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa da adiresoshin IP na tsarin.Misali:
ifconfig -
ip addr: Nuna bayanai game da na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa da adiresoshin IP na tsarin. Wannan umarni yayi kama daifconfig.Misali:
ip addr -
ping <domain/IP>: Bincika haɗin yanar gizo zuwa ƙayyadadden adireshin IP ko sunan yanki ta hanyar aika fakiti da jiran amsa.Misali:
ping google.com -
curl <URL>: Mai da abun ciki daga URL. Ana yawan amfani da wannan umarni don zazzage bayanai daga gidan yanar gizon da nuna sakamakon akan layin umarni.Misali:
curl https://www.example.com
Gudanar da Tarihin Umurni
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history: Nuna tarihin umarnin da aka aiwatar a baya. Wannan umarnin yana lissafin umarnin da aka aiwatar a zaman na yanzu.Misali:
history
Waɗannan wasu umarni ne na gama-gari kuma masu amfani a cikin Ubuntu. Dangane da buƙatun ku da manufofin ku, zaku iya amfani da waɗannan umarni don sarrafa tsarin ku da aiwatar da ayyuka na yau da kullun.