Python comes with a number of useful standard libraries to assist with common tasks in programming. Here is an introduction to popular standard libraries like math, random, datetime and os:
math Library
The math library provides mathematical functions and operations. It allows you to perform complex calculations such as rounding numbers, computing logarithms, calculating factorials, and more.
Example:
import math
print(math.sqrt(25)) # Output: 5.0
print(math.factorial(5)) # Output: 120
random Library
The random library provides tools for working with random numbers. You can generate random numbers, choose a random element from a list, or perform various random-related tasks.
Example:
import random
print(random.random()) # Output: a random float between 0 and 1
print(random.randint(1, 10)) # Output: a random integer between 1 and 10
datetime Library
The datetime library offers tools for working with dates and times. It allows you to obtain the current date, format time, and calculate the difference between two dates.
Example:
import datetime
current_date = datetime.date.today()
print(current_date) # Output: current date in the format 'YYYY-MM-DD'
current_time = datetime.datetime.now()
print(current_time) # Output: current date and time in the format 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'
os Library
The os library provides tools for interacting with the operating system. You can perform tasks such as creating and deleting directories, getting a list of files in a directory, changing the current working directory, and more.
Example:
import os
current_dir = os.getcwd()
print(current_dir) # Output: current working directory
os.mkdir("new_folder") # create a new folder named "new_folder"
These libraries in Python make it easy and efficient to perform common tasks. Additionally, Python has many other libraries to handle various tasks in programming.