Python Standard Libraries: Math, Random, Datetime, OS

Python comes with a number of useful standard libraries to assist with common tasks in programming. Here is an introduction to popular standard libraries like math, random, datetime and os:

math Library

The math library provides mathematical functions and operations. It allows you to perform complex calculations such as rounding numbers, computing logarithms, calculating factorials, and more.

Example:

import math

print(math.sqrt(25))   # Output: 5.0
print(math.factorial(5))   # Output: 120

random Library

The random library provides tools for working with random numbers. You can generate random numbers, choose a random element from a list, or perform various random-related tasks.

Example:

import random

print(random.random())   # Output: a random float between 0 and 1
print(random.randint(1, 10))   # Output: a random integer between 1 and 10

datetime Library

The datetime library offers tools for working with dates and times. It allows you to obtain the current date, format time, and calculate the difference between two dates.

Example:

import datetime

current_date = datetime.date.today()
print(current_date)   # Output: current date in the format 'YYYY-MM-DD'

current_time = datetime.datetime.now()
print(current_time)   # Output: current date and time in the format 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'

os Library

The os library provides tools for interacting with the operating system. You can perform tasks such as creating and deleting directories, getting a list of files in a directory, changing the current working directory, and more.

Example:

import os

current_dir = os.getcwd()
print(current_dir)   # Output: current working directory

os.mkdir("new_folder")   # create a new folder named "new_folder"

These libraries in Python make it easy and efficient to perform common tasks. Additionally, Python has many other libraries to handle various tasks in programming.