Scaling tsarin back-end yana daya daga cikin manyan kalubalen da masu haɓakawa da injiniyoyin software ke fuskanta yayin gina aikace-aikacen yanar gizo na zamani. Yayin da adadin masu amfani da bayanai ke girma, back-end tsarin yana buƙatar haɓaka don tabbatar da aiki, amintacce, da ƙarfin kaya. Wannan labarin zai taimaka muku mafi fahimta back-end scaling, dabarun gama gari, da yadda ake magance batutuwan da suka shafi.
1. Menene Baya-Karshen Scaling ?
Ƙarshen baya scaling shine tsarin faɗaɗa ikon sarrafa back-end tsarin don biyan buƙatun albarkatu, gami da:
Karɓar ƙarin buƙatun mai amfani.
Ajiye da dawo da adadi mai yawa na bayanai.
Tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin a karkashin babban matsin lamba.
Ƙarshen baya scaling yawanci ya kasu zuwa manyan nau'i biyu: vertical scaling da horizontal scaling.
Scaling 2. Dabarun Baya-Karshen
a. Vertical Scaling
A tsaye scaling ya ƙunshi haɓaka ƙarfin uwar garken guda ɗaya ta haɓaka kayan aiki kamar CPU, RAM, ko ma'ajiya.
Amfani:
Sauƙi don aiwatarwa da sarrafawa tunda ya ƙunshi sabar guda ɗaya kawai.
Babu buƙatar canza tsarin gine-gine.
Rashin hasara:
Iyakantaccen ma'auni saboda dogaro da kayan masarufi.
Babban farashi don haɓaka kayan aiki.
Wuri ɗaya na gazawa.
b. Horizontal Scaling
Horizontal scaling ya ƙunshi ƙara ƙarin sabobin zuwa tsarin da rarraba kaya a tsakanin su. Waɗannan sabar za su iya aiki a layi ɗaya don ɗaukar buƙatun.
Amfani:
Kusan rashin iyaka.
Ingantacciyar aminci da haƙurin kuskure.
Ƙarin farashi mai inganci idan aka kwatanta da vertical scaling.
Rashin hasara:
Ƙarin rikitarwa don aiwatarwa da sarrafawa.
Yana buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin gine-gine(misali, ta amfani da a load balancer).
3. Batutuwa gama gari a Baya-Ƙarshen Scaling
a. Gudanar da Albarkatun Bayanai
Yayin da tsarin ke da ma'auni, ma'ajin bayanai yakan zama matsala. Abubuwan gama gari sun haɗa da:
Ƙara lokacin tambaya: Yawan buƙatun yana rage lokutan amsa bayanai.
Kalubalen daidaita bayanai: Aiki tare da bayanai tsakanin nodes da yawa ya zama mai rikitarwa lokacin amfani da sabobin yawa.
Magani:
Yi amfani database sharding don raba bayanai zuwa ƙananan sassa.
Aiwatar da kwafi don kwafin bayanai a cikin ma'ajin bayanai da yawa.
Yi amfani da caching (misali, Redis, Memcached) don rage nauyin bayanai.
b. Load Daidaita
Yayin da adadin buƙatun ya karu, rarraba kaya daidai da sabar tsakanin sabobin yana zama mahimmanci.
Magani:
Yi amfani da load balancer (misali, Nginx, HAProxy) don rarraba buƙatun zuwa back-end sabobin.
Aiwatar da sikelin atomatik don ƙara ko cire sabobin ta atomatik dangane da nauyin yanzu.
c. Gudanar da Zama
Lokacin amfani da sabar sabar da yawa, sarrafa zaman mai amfani ya zama mai sarƙaƙiya saboda ana iya ƙirƙira zaman akan sabar ɗaya amma ana iya tura buƙatu na gaba zuwa wata uwar garken.
Magani:
Yi amfani da zaman manne don tabbatar da cewa ana tura buƙatun mai amfani koyaushe zuwa sabar iri ɗaya.
Ajiye zaman a cikin ma'auni na tsakiya (misali, Redis) don duk sabobin su sami damar shiga su.
d. Tabbatar da daidaito
Yayin da tsarin ke daidaitawa, tabbatar da daidaiton bayanai a tsakanin sabobin ya zama babban kalubale.
Magani:
Yi amfani da hanyoyin kamar rarraba ma'amaloli ko daidaito na ƙarshe .
Aiwatar da samfura kamar ka'idar CAP don daidaita daidaito, samuwa, da juriyar rabe.
4. Kayan aiki da Fasaha don Ƙarshen Baya Scaling
Load Balancer: Nginx, HAProxy, AWS Elastic Load Balancer.
Caching: Redis, Memcached.
Database Sharding: MongoDB, Cassandra.
Kwantena & Ƙaddara: Docker, Kubernetes.
Cloud Services: AWS, Google Cloud, Azure(bayar da sikelin atomatik da sabis na bayanan sarrafawa).
5. Yaushe Ya Kamata Ku Yi Sikelin Ƙarshen Bayanku?
Lokacin da tsarin ya fara raguwa ko kasawa saboda babban kaya.
Lokacin da aka sami karuwa kwatsam a masu amfani ko bayanai.
Lokacin da kake son tabbatar da tsarin ya yi haƙuri da kuskure kuma yana aiki a tsaye.
Kammalawa
Ƙarshen baya scaling wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa amma dole don tabbatar da tsarin zai iya biyan buƙatun girma. Ta hanyar fahimtar scaling dabaru, batutuwa na gama-gari, da kayan aiki masu goyan baya, zaku iya gina back-end tsari mai ƙarfi, sassauƙa, da daidaitawa. Koyaushe kasance cikin shiri don magance scaling ƙalubale da haɓaka tsarin ku!